Animal Farm Comparison :: Animal Farm Essays

Most directly one would say that Animal Farm is an allegory of Stalinism, growing out from the Russian Revolution in 1917. Because it is cast as an animal fable it gives the reader/viewer, some distance from the specific political events. The use of the fable form helps one to examine the certain elements of human nature which can produce a Stalin and enable him to seize power. Orwell, does however, set his fable in familiar events of current history. Old Major, a eminent pig on the Jones farm, is regarded as the wise superior by the other animals. He has had a strange dream and calls the other animals together to talk about their disastrous situation. Old major declares: ';Let us face it, our lives are miserable, laborious and short';. He declares in Marxist terms that Man is the problem: ';Only get rid of the Man, and the produce of our labour would be our own. Almost overnight we could be rich and free. What then must we do? Why, work night and day, body and soul, for the overthrow of the human race! That is my message to you, comrades. Rebellion!'; The simple, but emotional appeal, gets trough to the uneducated and plain animals and, as in all revolutions, the planning begins in euphoria and idealism. No voice is raised to ask relevant question or call for a considered debate. The appearance of rats at the meeting raises a question: ';Are rats comrades?'; A democratic vote results in a ringing ';Yes!';. And Old Major proclaims, ';No animal must ever tyrannise over his own kind. Weak or strong, clever or simple, we are all brothers. All animals are equal!'; It was however generally understood that the pigs were the cleverest of the animals, so the work of organising for the Rebellion fell naturally to them. Especially two pigs take over leadership: Napoleon and Snowball. The pigs developed Old Major’s teaching into a complete system of thought: Animalism. Rules of equality, formality, and hard work was proclaimed and encoded in The Seven Commandments - ';an unalterable law.'; The animals enthusiasm was expressed through a hymn, ';Beasts of England.'; The Rebellion comes sooner then it had been excpected and the successful animals join together with a will to build a new and better world. To symbolise the new day the name of the farm is changed from Manor Farm to

Machiavelli in Relation to Macbeth

Throughout history many have oversimplified and extorted Machiavellian idea s about power and adhering in an attempt to create empires and rule almost always at the expo ensue of the people they rule. Throughout the play Macbeth exhibits the ambition of a Machiavellian chart term, but often lacks the the form or any kind of rigidity that would land him firmly ammo nag Machiavellian clear cut classifications for power figures. Still it is clear based on the plot and details of Macbeth that Shakespeare was influenced by Machiavelli in writing his famous s â€Å"Scottish play†.As we read Macbeth we see the story of a man, Macbeth, filled with ambition who even begins the story in a mindset similar to that of a Machiavellian prince. In his most famous work Machiavelli cites a man named Stagecoaches â€Å"Stagecoaches, the Sicilian, became King of Syracuse, not only from a private position but from a low and abject one. This man, the son of a potter, through all the changes in his fortunes, always led an infamous life, nevertheless, he accompany ended his Wassermann 2 infamies with such great ability of mind and body, that, having devoting whims elf to the military profession, he rose through its ranks to be Praetor of Syracuse. (Mac heavily 4950) Macbeth is a ruler of what Machiavelli would have called a principality obtained through wickedness† (Machiavelli 49) Machiavelli belie Veda that â€Å"All states, all powers, that have held and hold rule over men have been an d are either republics or principalities. Principalities are either hereditary, in which the family has been long establish deed; or they are new. The new are either entirely new, as was Milan to Francesco Sports, or they are it were, members annexed to the hereditary state of the prince who has acacia red them, as was the kingdom of Naples to that of the King of Spain.Such dominions thus acquired are either accustomed to live under a prince, o to live in freedom; and are acquired eith er by the arms Of the prince himself, or of others, or else by fortune or by ability. † (Machiavelli 1) Under Machiavellian classifications, Macbeth is a grey area. His principality coo old potentially be considered hereditary because, although he had to murder Du NCAA he did technically inherit the throne, although, Macbeth is not a relative of Duncan s o the principality could be considered new. In her Tyranny in Shakespeare, Mary Ann McGill w rites that â€Å"[Macbeth] asks what is a tyrant?Or, what does a tyrant do that sets him apart from others Of great political ambition? † (McGill 21) Wassermann 3 When Machiavelli discusses â€Å"principalities obtained by arms† (Machiavelli 30) he states that â€Å"states which rise rapidly, like all other things that arise and grow rapidly in an true, cannot leave† This would lead one to believe that Macbeth is not Machiavellian in nature. Pee reaps not overall, yet Machete's reign of Scotland does still exhibit Machiavellian properties. For example where Machiavelli says: â€Å"Upon this a question arises: whether it be better to be loved than feared or feared than loved?It may be answered that one should wish to be both, but, because it is difficult to unite them in one person, it is much safer to be fear d than loved, when, of the two, either must be dispensed with. Because this is t o be asserted in general of men, that they are ungrateful, fickle, false, cowardly, covetous, and as long as you succeed they are yours entirely; they will offer y their blood, property, life, and children, as is said above, when the need is far distant; but when it approaches they turn against you.

Playscript

This scene starts in Brian's bedroom on a Saturday morning. He has just got out of bed and Susie, his sister, is calling him down for breakfast. Brian 🙠 talking to himself) Ohhhhhh. Yes! Tomorrow, we are going to the adventure park. Susie 🙠 shouting) Brian, come down! Breakfast is ready! (Brian stomps down the stairs into the dining room where he meets Susie. They both sit down at the table.) Brian: I can't wait to go to the adventure park tomorrow. Susie: What! Mom said we are going to the Science Museum. Brian: No way I'm going to some stupid Museum. I want some excitement. Susie: The museum is nice and educational. We can learn a lot. Brian: (losing his temper) don't we learn enough at school already? Susie: What we learn at school is just the basic things. At the Science Museum we can learn many fascinating things about our world. Brian: Well, I'm not so fascinated. I would rather have fun. Susie: Learning about the world we live in is fun. Brian: We already know about the world we live in. It is called the earth and it is in the shape of a sphere. Susie: Brian. There is so much more to learn about the earth than just the name and the shape. Brian: Well we can learn more about the earth another time because I have been waiting too long for this to let this opportunity pass me by. Susie: No, we can't! The Science Museum is closing this week. We have to see it tomorrow or we will never get to see it. Brian: (In a sarcastic voice) well, that's just a shame. We will be missing it so much. Susie: (hugging Brian) Please. Can't you just delay your adventure trip this time? Brian: Oh Alright but just this time. Susie: Thanks Brian. You're a great brother.

20 Fun Oxygen Facts for Kids

20 Fun Oxygen Facts for Kids Oxygen (atomic number 8 and symbol O) is one of those elements you simply cant live without. You find it in the air your breathe, the water you drink, and the food you eat. Here are some quick facts about this important element. You can find more detailed information about oxygen on the oxygen facts page. Animals and plants require oxygen for respiration.Oxygen gas is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.Liquid and solid oxygen are pale blue.Oxygen also occurs in other colors, including red, pink, orange, and black. There is even a form of oxygen that looks like a metal!Oxygen is a non-metal.Oxygen gas normally is the divalent molecule O2. Ozone, O3, is another form of pure oxygen.Oxygen supports combustion. However, pure oxygen itself does not burn!Oxygen is paramagnetic. In other words, oxygen is weakly attracted to a magnetic field, but it doesnt retain permanent magnetism.Approximately 2/3 of the mass of the human body is oxygen because oxygen and hydrogen make up water. This makes oxygen the most abundant element in the human body, by mass. There are more hydrogen atoms in your body than oxygen atoms, but they account for very little mass.Excited oxygen is responsible for the bright red and yellow-green colors of the aurora.Oxygen was the atomic weight standard for the other elemen ts until 1961 when it was replaced by carbon 12. The atomic weight of oxygen is 15.999, which is usually rounded up to 16.00 in chemistry calculations. While you need oxygen to live, too much of it can kill you. This is because oxygen is an oxidant. When too much is available, the body breaks excess oxygen into a reactive negatively charged ion (anion) that can bind to iron. The hydroxyl radical can be produced, which damages lipids in cell membranes. Fortunately, the body maintains a supply of antioxidants to combat day-to-day oxidative stress.Dry air is about 21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen, and 1% other gases. While oxygen is relatively abundant in the atmosphere, it is so reactive it is unstable and must be constantly replenished by photosynthesis from plants. Although you might guess trees are the main producers of oxygen, it is believed about 70% of free oxygen comes from photosynthesis by green algae and cyanobacteria. Without life acting to recycle oxygen, the atmosphere would contain very little of the gas! Scientists believe detecting oxygen in a planets atmosphere may be a good indication it supports life, since it is released b y living organisms. It is believed much of the reason organisms were so much larger in prehistoric time is because oxygen was present at a higher concentration. For example, 300 million years ago, dragonflies were as large as birds!Oxygen is the 3rd most abundant element in the universe. The element is made in stars that are around 5 times more massive than our Sun. These stars burn carbon or helium together with carbon. The fusion reactions form oxygen and heavier elements.Natural oxygen consists of three isotopes, which are atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons. These isotopes are O-16, O-17, and O-18. Oxygen-18 is the most abundant, responsible for 99.762% of the element.One way to purify oxygen is to distill it from liquefied air. An easy way to make oxygen at home is to put a fresh leaf in a cup of water in a sunny spot. See the bubbles forming on the edges of the leaf? Those contain oxygen. Oxygen may also be obtained through the electrolysis of water (H2O). Runn ing a strong enough electric current through water gives the molecules enough energy to break the bonds between hydrogen and oxygen, releasing pure gas of each element. Joseph Priestly usually gets credit for discovering oxygen in 1774. Carl Wilhelm Scheele likely discovered the element back in 1773, but he didnt publish the discovery until after Priestly made his announcement.The only two elements oxygen doesnt form compounds with are the noble gases helium and neon. Usually, oxygen atoms have an oxidation state (electric charge) of -2. However, the 2, 1, and -1 oxidation states are also common.Fresh water contains about 6.04 ml of dissolved oxygen per liter, while seawater only contains about 4.95 ml of oxygen.

Profile of the Aryan Warriors Prison Gang

Profile of the Aryan Warriors Prison Gang The Aryan Warriors is a criminal gang that operates inside the Nevada prison system and in certain communities in Nevada. They offer protection to white inmates if they join the gang. History The Aryan Warriors began in 1973 in the Nevada State prison system. The gang, designed after the California gang the Aryan Brotherhood, claimed to be intended to protect whites against attacks from black prisoners. After seeking a charter membership from the AB and being turned down, the AW gang was on its own. About a year into its creation the gang, who up to now was unable to organize, was taken over by an older inmate doing a life sentence named The Pope. Familiar with the way the AB gang worked, The Pope began to organize and structure the Aryan Warriors. He established rules for all gang members to follow and a hierarchy of leadership. Building up the physical strength of the AW became a priority. Focusing on its enemy, primarily black inmates, became its target. Building the gangs reputation for violence and selecting future members based on their strength and violent backgrounds became its mission. Gang Structure The Pope designed a structure of leadership for all to follow. To this day members adhere to a written manifesto which establishes positions or ranks within the gang, such as horn holders (leaders), bolt holders (full members), prospects (potential members), and associates (non-members who are affiliated with the organization.) In order to become a full member, a prospect is required to perform a violent act as dictated by the horn blowers. Once they do it they become bolt holders and are tattooed (or branded) with lightning bolts on the inside of their left biceps. To rise to the next level, horn holders, they must perform a more serious violent act, which often includes murder. Once completed they are given a tattoo with a Viking helmet with the letters AW, which is put on their left upper chest. Horn-blowers, under the direction of the top leader, are in charge of running all gang activities. Black Gangs Rise to the Threat Not willing to succumb to the Aryan Warriors, the black inmates organized the Black Warriors and duplicated much of the AW symbols, like the helmet with a horn. Power struggles began to go on in the prison yard, a place the black inmates had long controlled and a war between the two gangs became imminent. The Aryan Warriors Prepare for War The Aryan Warriors had been manufacturing weapons inside prison and with the impending war with the Black Warriors close at hand, production sped up. They also met with Native American inmates who had also been in conflict with the BWs, and the two groups made a pact to fight on the same side to bring down the BWs. The showdown occurred in the prison cafeteria and the blacks, many unarmed and taken by surprise by the AWs and Native attackers, lost the battle. The whites and the Natives now had full control of the prison yard. The Thirst for More Power Now in control, the Aryan Warriors sought more power and began going after those who they were supposed to be protecting - white inmates. Intimidation and threats were used to extort money from white inmates and their families. Those who refused would be beaten and sold as prison yard prostitutes. Instead of focusing on protection, the AW was now focused on drug distribution, extortion, and weaponry. Aryan Warriors or Aryan Witnesses? On November 5, 1980, a group of AWs murdered an inmate, Danny Lee Jackson, who they suspected to be a snitch. They then bragged about it in the prison yard. The murder and the boasting turned out to be a fatal mistake for the gang. Robert Manly was a young prison deputy with an eye on the future. His door to the future opened when given the responsibility to find out who murdered the inmate. The AW, who had spent years extorting inmates, had many enemies willing to talk to Manly. This gave the deputy enough information to corner AW gang members, many of who rolled over and became state witnesses. In return, several received early releases. No longer having any hope of charter membership into the AB and with many of its members gone, the AW had lost most of its power. Its leader, The Pope, died in 1997, which proved to devastate the gangs power even more. Aryan Warriors Today Prison officials say that today the AW, now numbering about 100 members, still asserts control over other prisoners by using violence, including murder and attempted murder, assaults and extortion. They also corrupt guards, extort money and favors from prisoners and their families, distribute illegal drugs, and run extensive illegal gambling operations. The Aryan Warriors also operate a street program in Las Vegas, Reno, and Pahrump, in which members, associates, and girlfriends distribute drugs, steal or fraudulently obtain identification and credit cards, commit other crimes, and smuggle drugs into the prisons. Members use the money earned in the street program to support other criminal activities of the gang and to financially support incarcerated Aryan Warrior leaders. On July 10, 2007, 14 Aryan Warrior gang members were indicted and charged with murder, attempted murder, extortion, operating an illegal gambling business, identity theft and fraud, and drug trafficking. Michael Kennedy, an admitted leader of the Aryan Warriors pleaded guilty to racketeering conspiracy in a related case. Seven of the 14 pleaded guilty to various charges and on July 9, 2009, five were found guilty. With the leader and other top gang members out of commission the future of the Aryan Warriors is questionable, however, some prison officials feel that this type of attention could actually strengthen the AW with other members moving into the now-vacant positions of leadership. Source: Criminal Intelligence Bureau

A Critical Analysis of Hemingway's A Clean, Well-lighted Place Essay

A Critical Analysis of Hemingway's A Clean, Well-lighted Place - Essay Example Ernest Hemingway’s 1954 Nobel Prize winner â€Å"A Clean, Well-lighted Place† effectively illustrates human beings’ different answers of the mostly asked question: â€Å"What is the meaning of life?† From toddlerhood to late adulthood, as people grow mature, their response to this question gets influenced with their life’s experiences whether good or bad. They either turn out to be hopeful amidst life adversities or become cynical of life’s real meaning. In a much closer look, Hemingway’s work undoubtedly reflects his own experiences (Ernest Hemingway). He himself has committed suicide in the year 1961(Redouane, Abouddahab, 2). And as a result, most critical analyses of his works become mostly biographical in nature. Hemingway’s work undoubtedly reflects a considerable amount of his life’s experiences as a soldier, writer, and reporter. It can be also noted that most of the criticism of Hemingway’s works is ideolog ically based and is greatly influenced by the accumulated facts about his life and work. His works usually present male personas whose characters evolve around the themes on â€Å"losing hope and faith† (Ernest Hemingway). This short story â€Å"A Clean, Well-lighted Place† somehow progresses on the same theme: of losing hope and faith to live, and of nursing the moments of despair to finding that something that will push one to continue living. These themes were well illustrated by three characters of different walks of life, three people who see life in different perspectives: the young waiter, the old waiter and the old-drunk man. They have different stories to tell and only in the clean, well-lighted cafe that their mind-sets get exposed to the readers’ critical scrutiny. In Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory, he pointed out that in each stage of a person’s life one experiences psychosocial crisis represented by two opposing dispositions also terme d by Erickson as â€Å"contrary dispositions†. If one can successfully manage each stage, he/she can get through the rest of the stages. On the other hand, If one failed, he may develop â€Å"reduced ability to complete further stages† (Saul McLeod). In relation to this, the young waiter represents those in the young adulthood stage, the sixth stage of Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory of Human Development, who views life with much positivity and idealism while the old-drunk man and the old waiter who sympathizes with the former represent those in the late adulthood stage, the last stage of Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory. They are the ones who are caught between developing ego integrity and wallowing up the feeling of despair. The story, set in a clean, well-lighted cafe somewhere in Spain, opens with an old man drinking brandy and sitting on his favourite spot in the cafe, â€Å"in the shadow of the leaves of the tree made against the electric light† . The two waiters in the cafe were talking about the old-drunk man as he drowns himself with his liquor. Their conversation wound up with the latter’s attempted suicide to the significance of a clean, well-lighted cafe of which young waiter finds no difference with other bars and bodegas. The young waiter who seems oblivious of the old-drunk man’s personal issues finds the attempt ridiculous because for him the latter â€Å"has plenty of money† and that there’s no reason why should the old man try to end his life. On one hand, the old waiter feels what the old man was exactly feeling as he understands what â€Å"it† feels like. He confesses that, he himself needs a clean, well-lighted place once in a while. As the story progresses, the young and old waiter, both representations of two different generations, demonstrate the different worldviews

All Animal Rights Are Equal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

All Animal Rights Are Equal - Essay Example This is similar to what Martin Luther King Jr. argued for when he said that people should be judged by the content of their character and not by the color of their skin. Singer also argues that just because there exists certain factual differences between groups of people (i.e., women are generally physically weaker than men), that this doesn’t justify â€Å"any difference in the amount of consideration we give to their needs and interests† (1977). Singer then relates racism and sexism to a concept known as speciesism. Since racism means that a person believes their race is better than another race, and sexism means that a person believes their gender is superior to the opposite gender, speciesism similarly means that a person believes that humans are superior to animals and can therefore treat them as they please. Speciesism is therefore as morally wrong as racism and sexism. However, a person may ask, why should we treat animals with the same consideration and respect as humans if they can’t reason or talk? For the answer to this question, Singer points to a statement made by Jeremy Bentham, who wrote, â€Å"The question is not, can [animals] reason? Nor can they talk? But, can they suffer?† (1977). The fact that both humans and animals suffer, he believed, shows that both deserve to have their needs and interests considered. In this article, Singer argues that most humans are speciesists. By eating animals, we are using them for our own selfish ends and not considering the violation of rights which we have committed against that animal. If humans had to eat animals to survive that would be another matter, but since we are capable of getting the same nutritional value from things like vegetables and beans, humans usually only eat animals for pleasure. Singer argues that this is unnecessarily cruel and therefore morally wrong. He also writes that many scientific experiments involving animals are also wrong because of they are cruel and the animals are often killed. Here, he says, the benefits to mankind from many of these studies do not outweigh the costs of the inflicting pain on and the killing of animals. Speciesism and the Idea of Equality Although Bonnie Steinbock also writes that we should give consideration to animal suffering, she refutes Singer’s claim that animals and humans have equal rights. But Steinbock does not focus on animal rights in her article because she argues that even if people and animals don’t have equal rights, that doesn’t mean we are justified in treating them poorly. For instance, pulling on a cat’s tail is wrong not because cats have equal rights, but because doing so is simply a morally wrong and cruel action intended to hurt another sentient creature. Of course, Steinbock argues, unnecessary cruelty toward animals in wrong. Yet she could see certain scientific experiments involving animals as justifiable and not morally wrong. If an animal experiment saves human lives, for example, she argues that such an experiment is morally justifiable. She also writes that it is not reasonable to say that animals and